The Cook Islands goes to the polls this week for its four-yearly general election.

Like all countries in the region, the Cooks has had its fair share of challenges due to global shocks in recent years, and there's a sense that voters are looking for some stability, particularly around the cost of living

The prime minister and leader of the Cook Islands Party, Mark Brown is in no doubt about the priority for people in this election.

He said for his party it's about consolidating the country's growth and economic recovery since reopening borders four years ago when the Cooks emerged the Covid pandemic.

"Now, that strong economic growth has allowed us to catch up, if you like, with pay increases that were halted or paused during the COVID period," he said.

"It's allowed us to increase our welfare payments, to old age pensions, child benefit, and these are all things that we're gearing up to try and meet the challenges of cost of living."

Water charges

Water utility charges are another issue in this campaign.

The leader of the Cook Islands Democratic Party, who is also the Leader of the Opposition, Tina Browne, said if elected, her party would push to remove water use tariffs for residential and agricultural users on Rarotonga.

"And we will review the present structure of [water utility] To Tatou Vai," she said.

"Of course, water infrastructure costs money. The real question is how that cost should fairly be met. I do not accept that another household bill should automatically be the first answer."

For the United Party, 'free water for all' is one of its main campaign points.

Leader Teariki Heather said his party would remove residential water tariffs should they form government.

"Absolutely, we will revoke whatever legislation is against that for the water tariffs," he told RNZ Pacific.

His party's position is "water is a basic human right" and families shouldn't receive more bills during a cost-of-living crisis.

"On top of electricity, on top of this water tariff, the increase in cost in that, government should absorb that.

"Budget of the government is really looking at priority areas, especially this one.

"I believe that the government can assist and accommodate for the people of the Cook Islands at this particular time."

But Mark Brown pointed out infrastructure maintenance isn't free.

"The question is not whether water should be free. The question is actually who's going to pay for it, because we've upgraded all of our water intakes, 10 of them, around the island in the hills of Rarotonga, and they all need to be maintained," he said.

Brown said households receive 38,000 litres free of charge per month, while churches, schools and agricultural spaces have no limit restrictions. Charges are currently only being imposed on commercial users.

"Most of these are, of course, in the tourism industry with hotels, Airbnbs, resorts, that sort of thing, and it's only fair that they contribute to the upkeep and maintenance of our water systems."

Progressive Party leader Te Tuhi Kelly said the free allocation for households is more than enough.

"If you can't manage that 38,000 litres, there's something quite wrong there because that's a lot of water, a huge amount of water, but if you go over that, I'm sorry, but you should be paying for that."

But he also thinks there are other ways government could cover water infrastructure costs.

"The water that we get from God is free; we don't pay for that. But God never put in place a delivery system for us. We have to do that ourselves. Someone has to pay for that.

"Now, whilst I'm for user pays, I think there is probably a number of other options that we can look at."

Seabed minerals

Another issue Cook Islanders are thinking about is whether the country should continue the current government's direction towards more seabed mining activity.

Teariki Heather said he will push for a referendum on seabed mining if the United Party comes to power.

While he acknowledged that exploration activities underway are potentially encouraging for generating long-term wealth in the country, he said it's so critical to protect the future health of the country, that the question of whether to progress seabed mining should be put to the people.

"But the one that we will do is put a referendum to ask the people of this country, whether this yes or no, so it's up to the people of this country [to] actually decide. That's number one that [we] will put out [to] a referendum when elected to be government."

Tina Browne agreed that a referendum is the way to go, even if science proves there would be no negative environmental impact.

"Extraction should only be considered if the evidence demonstrates that it can be done safely and in the genuine interests of the Cook Islands people. Before extraction occurs, our policy is that Cook Islanders should have the final say through a referendum."

But Te Tuhi Kelly said there is simply not enough scientific information to make a call yet.

"We're neither for, nor we're against it.

"The issue for us as a party is that the science doesn't provide me with any enthusiasm. It's young. The data is not there."

Mark Brown reiterated that the Cook Islands is only conducting exploration and research currently.

"It's important that we gain the knowledge and understanding of our deep sea before we make any decisions on whether we move to extraction or the harvesting of minerals."

When asked if the Cook Islands Party would consider a referendum, Brown said the science needs to be complete first.

"Well, it's a serious question, and again, letting people decide - first we must be able to provide the facts.

"We need to know the facts before we can make a decision, and that's why it's important that we conduct the exploration and research phase now thoroughly, in a way that ensures that, when we do ask questions of our people, our people are fully informed."

Foreign affairs

The country's relationship with New Zealand is a lingering issue too, at least in the eyes of the big parties.

This relationship came under strain after Wellington suspended some funding as a consequence of a deal that Brown's government forged with China early last year.

But Teariki Heather suggests there is a lot of work still to do to restore the healthy relationship

"New Zealand is a special one for us, and what we have discussed for this one, soon as becoming government, soon as forming the government, we make a trip, to show New Zealand how deep this relationship is."

Tina Browne also believes the relationship is all-important and needs nurturing.

"The Cook Islands should have constructive relationships with New Zealand, China, Australia, the United States, and our Pacific neighbours. We do not strengthen ourselves by unnecessarily choosing between friends."

But Mark Brown sees the situation as proof that the Cook Islands are able to "stand on their own two feet".

"We have diplomatic relations with over 70 countries around the world, including some of the biggest economies around the world. We have a foreign policy that is an independent foreign policy for the benefit of Cook Islanders.

"The fact that we can negotiate with large international countries, and the fact that we signed off on our new security and defence agreement with New Zealand on our own standing, and our own footing, on our terms, is something that people now respect for the Cook Islands and the government, the stand that we've taken."

Issues can be talked about all day, but it doesn't mean much without connecting to voters.

All of the parties realise that having a good ground game, engaging with people in their community, is the key to success.

Te Tuhi Kelly said this is particularly the case with young people

"There are a lot of kids [who] don't want to go to those political rallies because they find them boring. So what do you do if you want to get them into politics? You take politics to them.

"And what you do is you use a medium that they've grown up with, and it's a thing called social media."

The polls open at 8am Wednesday 12 August, local time (Thursday 13 August New Zealand time).

The preliminary count for each constituency is expected to be released throughout the same night.