The Labor Party’s decision to move against Jacinta Allan and install Ben Carroll as Victorian premier has failed to deliver a bounce in the polls, with the government’s primary support continuing to slip in the lead-up to the November state election.

A Resolve Political Monitor survey of voting intentions conducted two weeks after the leadership spill shows the Jess Wilson-led opposition in a strong electoral position. Indicative preference flows from One Nation and Labor voters are likely to deliver the Coalition a swag of seats across Melbourne’s eastern and south-eastern suburbs and in regional areas.

Labor’s primary support dropped 2 points to 25 per cent, which is the government’s worst result since its polling nadir in the lead-up to last year’s federal election. Although Carroll is significantly more popular than Allan, only 20 per cent of respondents nominated the new Labor leader as their preferred premier, a figure 4 points lower than Allan scored in her final survey as premier.

Primary support for the Coalition remains unchanged at 27 per cent – a mark 7.4 points below what the Liberal and National parties secured in their 2022 election loss. While Resolve does not publish a two-party preferred figure, a heavily skewed flow of preferences means the Coalition has opened a nominative 53-47 gap over Labor.

Pauline Hanson’s campaign launch in Melbourne for Victorian party leader Warren Pickering and their upper house candidates did little to lift support for One Nation, which improved its primary vote by 1 point to 23 per cent.

The Greens remain fixed on 12 per cent of the primary vote.

All movements in primary support were within the poll’s 3 per cent margin for error.

“The change to Ben Carroll has done nothing to boost the stocks of Labor so far, and we would have expected that by now,” Resolve founder Jim Reed said. “This really will be an uphill battle for Labor.”

A senior Labor figure was sanguine about the result, saying the party never expected Carroll to enjoy a political honeymoon. “The best we could have hoped for is people willing to listen to us again,” they said, speaking on the condition of anonymity to detail internal matters.

A worrying note for the Coalition is a 17 per cent drop in support for Wilson as preferred premier from last month’s survey. Some of the opposition leader’s previous support shifted to Pickering’s column, and the number of voters undecided on their preferred premier increased from 33 per cent to 43 per cent.

Wilson’s net approval rating firmed to 18, which is equal to her best result since becoming Liberal leader. It coincides with the opposition’s shift to more positive campaigning on cost of living and community safety issues.

For Victoria’s Liberal and National parties, which have together spent 23 of the past 27 years in opposition, the most encouraging figures in the survey are the indicative flow of preferences.

Unlike opinion polls, which make assumptions about preference distributions based on past elections, Resolve asks its respondents to indicate their top five primary voting preferences. The results of this survey show that in three-way contests, 77 per cent of One Nation voters are planning to direct their preferences to the Coalition ahead of Labor, and 73 per cent of Labor voters say they will direct preferences to the Coalition ahead of One Nation.

If these patterns are replicated at the state election, the Coalition will disproportionately benefit from One Nation preferences in Melbourne’s eastern and south-eastern suburbs and from Labor preferences in regional areas. It also opens the possibility of the Liberal Party, rather than One Nation, winning seats in Labor’s western suburban heartland.

“The Coalition’s modest primary vote belies a stronger position than one might think,” Reed said. “Our analysis shows they are receiving around three-quarters of both the Labor and One Nation preferences, so as long as they’re in the top two in any given seat, they stand a chance.”

To form majority government, the Coalition must win 16 lower house seats in addition to the 29 it already holds. Wilson has repeatedly ruled out including any One Nation MPs in a minority Coalition government but has left open the prospect of relying on Hanson’s party for confidence and supply.

The Resolve survey is the first conducted since Allan resigned as Labor leader and Carroll was sworn in as the state’s 50th premier.

In his first two weeks in the job, Carroll announced a royal commission into the construction industry, promised to bring forward reforms to broaden the jurisdiction and strengthen the investigative powers of IBAC, attempted to reset the government’s relationship with business by delaying work-from-home legislation, and signalled a rethink on the state’s largest infrastructure project, the Suburban Rail Loop.

Last week, Allan confirmed she would retire from politics and not recontest her regional seat of Bendigo East.

The survey results show Labor’s leadership change has either contributed to or coincided with a greater sense of optimism across the state. At the same time, many voters appear to be reserving judgment on the nascent Carroll government. The number of uncommitted respondents is at an 18-month high.

About one-third of voters agreed that the leadership change represented a significant shift in government direction and performance, while the proportion of respondents who believe the Victorian Liberal Party is ready to government was largely unchanged on 46 per cent.

More voters are open to the idea of Labor securing an unprecedented fourth term in government since the question was posed two months ago, with 31 per cent in support and 48 per cent against.

Support for Victoria’s historic treaty with its First Peoples remains split along party lines. Fifty-eight per cent of Labor voters and 68 per cent of Greens voters are in favour of keeping it, compared with 18 per cent of Coalition voters and 17 per cent of One Nation voters.

By contrast, there is broad bipartisan support for relevant politicians to be called as witnesses and examined in public about corruption of the government’s Big Build major infrastructure program once a royal commission is established.

When asked whether politicians should be questioned publicly, 72 per cent of respondents agreed and only 3 per cent of respondents were opposed.

The terms of reference for the royal commission are expected to be announced in coming days. Carroll has repeatedly promised they will be “exhaustive”. This masthead has documented over the past two years how gangland figures have exploited CFMEU-controlled, government-funded building projects such as level crossing removals, the West Gate Tunnel, the Metro Tunnel and the North East Link.

A question about the Glasgow Commonwealth Games, originally planned to be held in regional Victoria, indicated that statewide interest in the event was similar to the FIFA World Cup, with 43 per cent of respondents watching some of the television coverage.